A lot of numbers being thrown around, but somehow they don't agree.
An increase of 3dB doubles the power of the sound, but our hearing doesn't work linearly and to make something sound subjectively twice as loud takes an increase of 10dB.
For comparison, the noise level you're allowed to be exposed to at work before your employer has to offer you hearing protection is only 80dBA. And if it reaches 85dBA there's a legal duty to use the hearing protection. Now that's for a full 8 hour day's exposure and louder noise can be allowed if the exposure is for less time. But remember that 3dB doubles the power, so for every extra 3dB you have to half the exposure time.
8 hours at 80dBA = 4 hours at 83dBA = 2 hours at 86dBA = 1 hour at 89dBA and so on.
Thankfully, few of us spend our time a metre away from an exhaust pipe.
